<?php
include("listing11.4.php");
?>
<?php
print "I have been included!!<BR>";
print "But now I can add up.. 4 + 4 = ".(4 + 4);
?>
2. include that returns a value
<?php
$addResult = include("listing11.6.php");
print "The include file returned $addResult";
?>
<?php
$retval = ( 4 + 4 );
return $retval;
?>
This HTML should never be displayed because it comes after a return statement!
3. Using Include within control structures
$test = false;
if ( $test )
{ include( "a_file.txt" ); // won't be included }
4. include() inside the loop
<?php
for ( $x=1; $x<=3; $x++ ) {
$incfile = "incfile".$x.".txt";
print "<p>";
print "Attempting include $incfile<br/>";
include( "$incfile" );
print "</p>";
}
?>
5. Avoiding duplicated include()
include_once() – works like include() but would not allow inclusion of the same file more than once
6. Managing Larger Projects
Set the php.ini to:
include_path=".:/home/mary/php_lib:/usr/local/lib/php"
include_path option in an .htaccess file:
php_value include_path /home/mary/php_lib
Runtime setting up of php.ini
ini_set("include_path","/home/mary/php_lib");
set_include_path( "/home/mary/php_lib" );
7. Testing Files
Checking for Existence with file_exists()
if ( file_exists ("test.txt") ) { print "The file exists!";}
8. A File or a Directory?
if ( is_file( "test.txt" ) ) { print "test.txt is a file!";}
if ( is_dir( "/tmp" ) ) { print "/tmp is a directory";}
9. Checking the Status of a File
if ( is_readable( "test.txt" ) ) { print "test.txt is readable";}
if ( is_writable( "test.txt" ) ) { print "test.txt is writable";}
if ( is_executable( "test.txt" ) { print "test.txt is executable";}
10. Determining File Size with filesize()
print "The size of test.txt is. ";print filesize( "test.txt" )
11. Date Information About a File
atime = fileatime( "test.txt" );
print "test.txt was last accessed on ";
print date("D d M Y g:i A", $atime);
// Sample output: Tue 19 Aug 2003 4:26 PM
$mtime = filemtime( "test.txt" );
print "test.txt was last modified on ";
print date("D d M Y g:i A", $mtime);
// Sample output: Tue 19 Aug 2003 4:26 PM
$ctime = filectime( "test.txt" );
print "test.txt was last changed on ";
print date("D d M Y g:i A", $ctime);
// Sample output: Tue 19 Aug 2003 4:26 PM
12. Testing of File - An example
<?php
function outputFileTestInfo( $file ) {
if ( ! file_exists( $file ) ) {
print "$file does not exist<br/>";
return;
}
print "$file is ".( is_file( $file )?"":"not ")."a file<br/>";
print "$file is ".( is_dir( $file )?"":"not ")."a directory<br/>";
print "$file is ".( is_readable( $file )?"":"not ")."readable<br/>";
print "$file is ".( is_writable( $file )?"":"not ")."writable<br/>";
print "$file is ".( is_executable( $file )?"":"not")."executable<br/>";
print "$file is ".( filesize($file))." bytes<br/>";
print "$file was accessed on ".date( "D d M Y g:i A", fileatime( $file ) )."<br/>";
print "$file was modified on " .date( "D d M Y g:i A", filemtime( $file ) )."<br/>";
print "$file was changed on " .date( "D d M Y g:i A", filectime( $file ) )."<br/>";
}
?>
13. Creating and Deleting Files
touch("myfile.txt");
unlink("myfile.txt");
14. Opening a File for Writing, Reading, or Appending
$fp = fopen( "test.txt", 'r' );
$fp = fopen( "test.txt", 'w' );
$fp = fopen( "test.txt", 'a' );
if ( $fp = fopen( "test.txt", "w" ) ) { // do something with $fp}
( $fp = fopen( "test.txt", "w" ) ) or die ("Couldn't open file, sorry");
fp = fopen( "binary_file", "wb" ); //and read them like this:
$fp = fopen( "binary_file", "rb" );
fclose( $fp );
15. Reading from Files
Reading Lines from a File with fgets() and feof()
$line = fgets( $fp, 1024 ); // where $fp is the file resource returned by fopen()
feof( $fp ); // where $fp is the file resource returned by fopen()
16. Reading from a File – An Example
<?php
$filename = "test.txt";
$fp = fopen( $filename, "r" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename");
while ( ! feof( $fp ) ) {
$line = fgets( $fp, 1024 );
print "$line<br/>";
}
?>
17. Reading Arbitrary Amounts of Data
$chunk = fread( $fp, 16 );
<?php
$filename = "test.txt";
$fp = fopen( $filename, "r" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename");
while ( ! feof( $fp ) ) {
$chunk = fread( $fp,16 );
print "$chunk<br/>";
}
?>
18. File Pointer Position
fseek( $fp, 64 );
<?php
$filename = "test.txt";
$fp = fopen( $filename, "r" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename");
$fsize = filesize($filename);
$halfway = (int)( $fsize / 2 );
print "Halfway point: $halfway <br/>\n";
fseek( $fp, $halfway );
$chunk = fread( $fp, ($fsize - $halfway) );
print $chunk;
?>
19. Reading Characters from a File
$char = fgetc( $fp );
<?php
$filename = "test.txt";
$fp = fopen( $filename, "r" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename");
while ( ! feof( $fp ) ) {
$char = fgetc( $fp );
print "$char<br/>";
}
?>
20. Reading all file content
$contents = file_get_contents( "test.txt" );
$file_array = file( "test.txt" );//older
$contents = implode( $file_array );
21. Writing or Appending to a File
$fp = fopen( "test.txt", "w" );
$fp = fopen( "test.txt", "a" );
fwrite( $fp, "hello world" );
fputs( $fp, "hello world" );
Write to a File – An example
<?php
$filename = "test2.txt";
print "Writing to $filename<br/>";
$fp = fopen( $filename, "w" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename");
fwrite( $fp, "Hello world\n" );
fclose( $fp );
print "Appending to $filename<br/>";
$fp = fopen( $filename, "a" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename");
fputs( $fp, "And another thing\n" );
fclose( $fp );
?>
22. Writing Data to a File – Another twist
file_put_contents( "test2.txt", "Hello world\n" );
file_put_contents( "test2.txt", "And another thing\n", FILE_APPEND );
23. Locking Files with flock()
LOCK_SH (Shared)
-Allows other processes to read the file but prevents writing (used when reading a file)
LOCK_EX (Exclusive)
-Prevents other processes from either reading from or writing to a file (used when writing to a file)
LOCK_UN (Release)
-Releases a shared or exclusive lock
24. Locking Files – An Example
$fp = fopen( "test.txt", "a" ) or die("couldn't open");
flock( $fp, LOCK_EX );
// exclusive lock // write to the file
flock( $fp, LOCK_UN );
// release the lock fclose( $fp );
25. Working with Directories
mkdir( "testdir", 0777 );
// global read/write/execute permissions
mkdir( "testdir", 0755 );
// world and group: read/execute only // owner: read/write/execute
rmdir( "testdir" );
Removing a directory
26. Opening a Directory for Reading
<?php
$dirname = ".";
$dh = opendir( $dirname );
while ( ! is_bool( $file = readdir( $dh )) ) {
if ( is_dir( "$dirname/$file" ) ) {
print "(D) ";
}
print "$file<br/>";
}
closedir( $dh );
?>
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